A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war and then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, Middle East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the basic dimensions affecting the defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 dimensions. The importance of these dimensions in defense of the Middle East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, security dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction Security and defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation and survival of countries. In fact, defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among them, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in dimensions (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain security and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats and the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in the country's geographical space. The design of defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political and environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate and systematic planning in the geographical space, defense planning is not separate from the flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the security circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military security. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hand, there has been a transformation in the form of threats and wars based on changes and the movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing and recognizing the components that can be used in defense of countries, including the Middle East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the Middle East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect the overall defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct and realistic depiction of the defense situation of the Middle East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding the research topic, which is the design of the defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-random model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the partial least squares method and the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides the possibility of checking the theory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of land use have been discussed. In the meantime, the defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical spaces, such as the evolution of military-defense technologies, the connection of geographical spaces to each other and most importantly, the movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical space of their country in terms of defense. Therefore, the defense planning of the Middle East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats and complex defense-security issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 dimensions, which include 130 components. In the design of the defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight and importance of the shaping dimensions. In general, it can be said that the defense planning of the Middle East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries and on the other hand, considering the developments in the field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 dimensions should be considered for the defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

In this paper, a novel risk-based, two-objective (technical and economical) optimal reactive power dispatch method in a wind-integrated power system is proposed which is more consistent with operational criteria.  The technical objective includes the minimization of the new voltage instability risk index. The economical objective includes cost minimization of reactive power generation and active power loss. The proposed voltage instability risk employs a hybrid possibilistic (Delphi-Fuzzy)-probabilistic approach that takes into consideration the operator’s experience, the wind speed and demand forecast uncertainties when quantifying the risk index. The decision variables are the reactive power resources of the system. To solve the problem, the modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm with sine and cosine acceleration coefficients is utilized. The method is implemented on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The proposed method is compared with those in the previously published literature, and the results confirm that the proposed risk index is better at estimating the voltage instability risk of the system, especially in cases with severe impact and low probability. In addition, according to the simulation results compared to typical security-based planning, the proposed risk-based planning may increase the security and economy of the system due to better utilization of system resources.

The power of a country is the ability to use resources and facilities to influence international events. The new conditions of the international system have caused new components to play a role in the formal international structures and countries to use new tools and ways to secure their national interests, the most important of which can be considered the use of soft power. The purpose of this article is to design a model of soft media power in order to improve the combat capability of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran using the ground-based approach.Research Method In terms of approach, quality and in terms of purpose, this research is exploratory, the data of which were collected through interviews with 27 experts selected by the method of snowball in 1399. The data of this research have been collected through library review and questionnaireThe statistical population of this study is all the employees of the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran.Research Findings:In this study, in order to identify the indicators of soft power in improving the combat capability of the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the opinions of experts were used. Four basic indicators for soft power were determined, which are in order of priority: Army, change of armed forces, parallel armed forces in the country, armed forces of foreign countries) in the media dimension (national media, new media, foreign media, hardware and software facilities) in the cultural dimension (orbital province, God-centered, Basij thinking And in the dimension of human resources (creativity, participation in organizational decision-making, elites and professors inside the organization, elites and professors outside the organization, training, question and answer sessions, improving organizational communication, improving staff livelihoods).

In this paper, a new method for extending and relaxing the noise-coupling (NC) technique is proposed to enhance the noise-shaping order without adding the number of integrators. The noise-shaping order of the introduced ∑∆ modulator whit applying a second-order noise-coupling technique is enhanced and its performance with optimizing the noise transfer function (NTF) zeros is improved. Also, by removing the analog adder at feedforward path and transferring it to a new feedback branch before the last integrator and adding second-order NC path can be decreased the input voltage swing to the quantizer. Thus, by improving the modulator resolution, power consumption can be reduced. Mathematical analyses and behavioural simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the new NC method. To examine its performance, a 2nd-order single loop ΣΔ modulator was designed. The new noise-coupling method is used to achieve the three-order noise shaping to increase the resolution with low complexity and low-power. The results show an outstanding improvement in signal-to-noise and distortion ratio (SNDR) compared to the conventional structure.

Aims: Risk‑ taking behaviors in industries can be one of the essential reasons for unsafe behavior and incident. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interactions between risk‑ taking behaviors and personality dimensions and develop a model with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‑ SEM). Methodology: This cross‑ sectional analytical study was carried out on 96 participants in Hamadan in the west of Iran in 2016. Risk power and personality dimensions of individuals were evaluated using a questionnaire, and risk‑ taking behavior was also assessed using a balloon analog risk test. The data were modeled using PLS‑ SEM. Results: In females, the neuroticism dimension had a significant relationship with risk‑ taking behaviors (P < 0. 001). Besides, in males, there was a significant relationship between risk‑ taking behaviors and extraversion (P < 0. 001). Furthermore, people who were more inclined to social acceptance were more risk‑ averse and self‑ reported more risk‑ taking behaviors (P < 0. 05). The results of this study showed that people with different personality dimensions have different risk‑ taking behaviors. Conclusion: Studying individuals and errors that may be committed, the system can be in a way that individuals’ unsafe behaviors will reduce.

Safety climate received substantial attention due to its potential for explaining variation in safety-related outcomes. Aim of present study was to determine degree of safety climate related to incidents reporting rate and its dimensions among workers’ Isfahan Steel Company. A self-administered anonymous was distributed to 189 workers. The survey included demographic factors, incidents reporting rate and its components (physical symptoms, psychological symptoms and accidents) and the safety climate Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate (MANOVA) and correlation techniques. The results showed that: 1) there was internal significant correlation between safety climate with incident reporting rate as well as with its two components namely physical symptoms and psychological symptoms; 2) there wasn’t a significant relationship between safety climate and accident; 2) In multivariate analysis, safety climate respectively about 6%, 7% and 11% of the variance of variables of incidents reporting rate, physical and psychological symptoms significantly predicted (p<0.05). The results of this study suggest that promoting the perception of safety climate can be important to prevent the development of work-related diseases and to promote workers health.

The present study aimed to identify the dimensions of social media storytelling power and investigate the role of social media storytelling power and evaluate its dimensions in tourism destinations. This study has a hybrid approach. The statistical population in the qualitative section consists of all the stories of tourist destinations in Ramsar and Qeshm on social media, of which 62 and 108 stories were selected for these two destinations by judgmental sampling, respectively. In addition, the research strategy is narrative analysis. The method of data collection was online written stories. The dimensions of identified social media storytelling power were provided in a network of themes and conceptual models of these two destinations. Then, the research strategy was performed as a survey in the quantitative section. The statistical population included all tourists who had read the tourism stories of these two destinations on social media. The sampling method is available non-probability sampling, and the sample size was estimated to be 450 for each destination according to Morgan's Table. The data collection method was an e-questionnaire that was sent to tourists. The results of structural equation modeling by Smart PLS software showed that the dimensions of literary knowledge, attractiveness and dynamism, cognitive, emotional, trust and credibility, tourism, ethics for Ramsar destination. And the dimensions of attractiveness and attention, literary, cognitive, emotional, comparative knowledge, Economic, moral, trust and credibility, and tourism for Qeshm destination affect the development of these destinations. Introduction: Today, the tourism industry is considered one of the driving forces in the global economy and has developed significantly in the world. Accordingly, tourism destinations seek to attract more and more tourists. However, increasing changes in the tourism sector due to current technological advances, changing needs of tourists, and their interest in sharing their travel experiences in the form of storytelling on online social media force tourism destinations to draw a new framework based on a systemic approach in tourism destination management and marketing strategy. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the dimensions of the power of storytelling on social media and then evaluate these dimensions in the development of tourism destinations in the tourist cities of Ramsar and Qeshm Island. Methodology: The present research has been conducted with a hybrid approach (qualitativequantitative). The qualitative research strategy is narrative analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes all the stories of Ramsar and Qeshm tourist destinations in online social media (sites and blogs), in which 62 and 108 stories were selected for these two destinations by judgmental sampling method, respectively. Then, in the quantitative section, the research strategy was performed as a survey. The statistical population consisted of all tourists who had read the tourism stories of these two destinations on social media. The sampling method as a non-probability available sampling was used, and according to Morgan's Table, the sample size was 450 people for each destination. The data collection method was an e-questionnaire. The data analysis method was structural equation modeling and path analysis technique by Smart PLS software. Discussion and conclusion: The present study investigated social media storytelling power and its dimensions in developing tourism destinations in Ramsar and Qeshm Island with a hybrid approach. In the qualitative part, the dimensions of storytelling power-tourism in Ramsar city in online social media include literary knowledge, attractiveness and dynamism, cognitive, emotional, trust and credibility, tourism and ethics; In addition, the dimensions of tourism storytelling power in Qeshm Island in online social media were the dimensions of attractiveness, literary, cognitive, emotional, comparative, economic, moral, trust and credibility. Furthermore, the dimensions of tourism storytelling power on Qeshm Island on online social media were attractiveness, literary, cognitive, emotional, comparative, economic, moral, trust, and credibility dimensions. In the quantitative section, the results indicated that the dimensions included literary knowledge, attractiveness and dynamism, cognitive, emotional, trust and credibility, tourism, morality, and the dimensions of tourism storytelling power in Qeshm Island in online social media consisted of attractiveness and attention, literary, cognitive, emotional, comparative, economic, moral, trust and credibility knowledges, which have been effective on the development of Ramsar and Qeshm tourism destinations. Conclusion: Comparing these results in terms of similarity of some dimensions in these two destinations, it should be stated that the path coefficient of the literary knowledge aspect in the story of Ramsar and Qeshm destinations are equal to 0. 406 and 0. 122, respectively, indicating the greater impact of this aspect of the story on the development of Ramsar tourist destination. Considering attractiveness and dynamism, the path coefficient in the Ramsar story is 0. 235, and attractiveness and attention dimension in Qeshm story is 0. 237, suggesting that the effectiveness of this dimension of the story on Qeshm tourism destination development has been more than that of Ramsar. Cognitively, the story of Ramsar and Qeshm destinations are equal to 0. 372 and 0. 322, respectively, representing the greater impact of this dimension of the story on the development of the Ramsar tourism destination. Emotionally, the path coefficient in the Ramsar story is 0. 432, and that of the Qeshm destination is 0. 174, showing the greater impact of this dimension of the story on the development of the Ramsar tourism destination. Regarding trust and credibility, the path coefficient in the Ramsar story is 0. 315, and that of Qeshm is 0. 308, which shows the higher impact of this dimension of the story on the development of the Ramsar tourist destination. Considering the tourism dimension, it is worth noting that although the number of tourism dimensions in the script of Qeshm destination tourism stories was more than that if Ramsar, comparing the similar aspects of tourism in these two destinations indicates that the path coefficient in Ramsar and Qeshm destinations are 0. 497 and 0. 360, respectively, indicating the greater impact of this dimension of the story on the development of Ramsar tourist destination. Regarding the ethical dimension, the path coefficient in Ramsar and Qeshm destinations are 0. 295 and 0. 308, respectively, showing the greater impact of this dimension of the story on the development of Qeshm tourism destination.

Evidence from a range of different data sources show that occupational stress is a significant problem in organizations and industries. Researchers have mentioned that safety climate may predict psychological distresses in the workplace. The present study examined degree of safety climate related to occupational stress and its dimensions among workers’ a Steel Company. The current study was a cross-sectional study. Sample consisting of 189 employees in a Steel Company was selected according to the stratified random sampling method and responded questionnaires about demography characteristics, occupational stress and its components (perceived job self-efficacy and perceived job helplessness) and the safety climate. The data were analyzed by multivariate regression and correlation techniques.The results showed that:). There were significant correlations between safety climate with occupational stress as well as with its one component namely perceived job helplessness ;) There wasn’t a significant relationship between safety climate and perceived job self-efficacy;) in multivariate regression analysis, safety climate respectively about 15% and 19% of the variance of variables of job stress and perceived job helplessness significantly predicted. Improving safety climate can be an obstacle against the experience of occupational stress by workers

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of intellectual capital dimensions on organizational performance with the mediating role of human factors. The research is applied in terms of purpose and considered a descriptive research. This paper is built upon Habtor's research and develops the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance. This research used a survey methodology and employed a questionnaire tool with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0. 938. The target population of this study includes managers, experts and employees of Qazvin Power Distribution Company who are familiar with the organization and intellectual capital concept. Simple random sampling strategy was used and a total of 150 questionnaires were completed and analyzed. The data analysis and analysis method was performed using Structural Equation Modeling Technique via SmartPLS software. The results show that intellectual capital and more precisely human capital, relational and organizational capital, separately and independently, have a significant relationship with performance. Structural capital with path coefficient of 0. 483, relational capital with path coefficient of 0. 434, and human capital with path coefficient of 0. 315 had the greatest impact on organizational performance. The present study showed that intellectual capital and its dimensions have a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. The results of this research show the importance of intellectual capital and its three dimensions for performance improvement planning through the development of human factors. As well, this study provides valuable experiences for managers of the electricity distribution company.